M\u1ed9t n\u1eef sinh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 thi. Cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 m\u1edf ra, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat d\u1ea1 quang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng trong tay. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u. “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i,” c\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 khi l\u1eadt trang. Ba ti\u1ebfng sau, cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 s\u00e1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u00e0i thi, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f4 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft b\u1ed7ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nhau: s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y khi \u0111\u1ecdc<\/strong> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng xem qua, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb quen thu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n do Henry Roediger v\u00e0 Jeffrey Karpicke th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh hai nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Psychological Science<\/strong><\/a>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>: ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i hay s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft k\u00fd \u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c \u00e9p b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f2 d\u1eabm, do d\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f4i khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng mong mu\u1ed1n<\/strong>. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy h\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec tr\u00ed nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00f4n t\u1eadp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo hai chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau.<\/p>\n C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. N\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee9ng minh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i, hay m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i: t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00f3, thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/strong> n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u1eeb m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y sang m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u00f4n t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u1eadp cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft ra ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebb ghi nh\u1edb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, hay b\u00e0i t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc qua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i: vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean<\/a> cho ph\u00e9p, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng then ch\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n N\u1eef sinh m\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 ngay. C\u00f4 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ghi ch\u00fa. Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo. Ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3, khi so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00f4 m\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u1eadp cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u1ed9t n\u1eef sinh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 thi. Cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 m\u1edf ra, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat d\u1ea1 quang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng trong tay. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n, g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u. “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i,” c\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 khi l\u1eadt trang. Ba ti\u1ebfng sau, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phuong-phap-hoc-tap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2936"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4198,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2936\/revisions\/4198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n
T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00fang cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n