Ban lat trang cuoi cua mot chuong, va moi thu deu ro rang. Tung cau noi tiep nhau tron tru, ban gat dau tan thuong, tac gia co tai bien moi dieu tro nen hien nhien. Roi ba ngay troi qua. Ai do hoi mot cau ve chinh chuong ay, va dau oc ban trong rong. Mot an tuong mo ho con lai, mot tua de, mot hinh anh, nhung phan cot loi da tuot mat. Phan xa dau tien la tu trach: qua lo dang, khong du thong minh, tri nho kem. Su that vua an ui hon vua huu ich hon. Hieu mot y tuong va nho no la hai thao tac khac nhau, va thanh cong o cai dau tien khong bao gio bao dam cai thu hai.<\/p>\n
Chung ta noi ve ca hai nhu the do la mot chuyen dong duy nhat, nhu the nam bat mot y tuong la so huu no mai mai. The nhung do la hai hanh vi nhan thuc khac biet. Su thau hieu<\/strong> la tich hop mot thong tin ngay trong khoanh khac: noi ket dieu ban doc voi dieu ban da biet, thay duoc logic cua mot lap luan, cam nhan cac manh ghep khop vao nhau. Tri nho<\/strong>, nguoc lai, la lam cho thong tin do co the truy xuat ve sau, khi van ban da bien mat va chi con lai ban. Ban co the thanh cong ruc ro o cai nay ma that bai hoan toan o cai kia. Mot buoi thuyet trinh xuat sac duoc hieu ma khong ton suc va bay hoi cung nhanh nhu vay. Mot dinh ly kho, mot khi da nam bat, co the bam re nhieu nam. Su ro rang ban cam thay khi doc chang noi gi ve dieu se song sot sau khi gap sach lai.<\/p>\n Day moi la thu pham thuc su. Khi mot van ban duoc viet tot, khi ban doc lai lan hai, khi ban to dam nhung doan quan trong, nao bo xu ly thong tin voi su de dang ngay cang tang. Su de dang ay khien ta de chiu, va no day cam bay: chung ta nham no voi mot dau hieu cua su thanh thao. Cac nha nghien cuu Robert va Elizabeth Bjork da dat ten cho hien tuong nay la ao giac troi chay<\/strong>. Mot mon cang de luot qua, ta cang tin la minh biet no, du su thoai mai khi doc va do ben cua ky uc gan nhu chang lien quan gi den nhau. Nghich ly that tan nhan. Dieu khien viec hoc tro nen thoai mai, doc lai, nhan ra, cam giac o vung dat quen thuoc, thuong lai chinh la dieu khien no mong manh. Cam giac “minh nam duoc roi” sinh ra tu su thoai mai, khong phai tu bang chung. Nhu cac nha nghien cuu nay tom luoc, su de dang sinh ra tu viec doc lap di lap lai de bi nham voi su thau hieu that su ma khong bao gio sanh bang no, dung nhu cong trinh nen tang ve nhung kho khan dang mong doi<\/a><\/strong> cua ho chi ra.<\/p>\n Ben duoi lop vo, ly do rat don gian. Hieu trong luc doc doi hoi it tai dung: thong tin o day, truoc mat, chi can di theo no. Nhung chinh no luc tai dung moi khac len mot dau vet ben lau. Khi moi thu duoc dua san, nao bo chi di theo soi chi ma khong bao gio phai dung lai no mot minh. Dau vet khi ay nam o be mat, san sang phai nhat. Nho, nguoc lai, doi hoi mot cong viec kem de chiu hon: di tim y tuong ngay trong dau minh, tu khoang trong, khong co cho dua cua van ban. Cai khoanh khac kho chiu khi ban do dam, ngan ngai, chat vat dung lai, chinh la khoanh khac cung co. Kho khan khong phai la loi cua qua trinh: no la dong co cua qua trinh. Doc de ru ngu; su goi lai khac sau.<\/p>\n O cot loi, van de mang tinh sieu nhan thuc<\/strong>: chung ta danh gia sai dieu minh biet. Chung ta do luong su thanh thao bang mot cam giac tuc thoi, cam giac cua khoanh khac thong tin con tuoi moi va hien dien, thay vi bang mot bang chung cu the. Tu do moi co su bat ngo kho chiu vao ngay thi, hay trong mot cuoc hop khi phai giai thich ma khong co ghi chu dieu ma ta tuong da nam. Mot su phan biet giup thoat khoi cai bay: nhan ra khong phai la biet. “Cai nay nghe quen quen” khi doc lai ghi chu chang lien quan gi den “toi co the tai hien no ma khong can tro giup”. Su nhan ra dua vao nhung goi y nam truoc mat; su goi lai bat dau tu con so khong. Nham lan hai dieu do la cam thay san sang nho suc manh cua mot goi y se bien mat khi khoanh khac quyet dinh den.<\/p>\n Loi thoat khong nam o viec doc it di hay tu bo su ro rang, von van quy gia cho lan tiep xuc dau voi mot mon. No nam o viec doi cong cu do luong. Ngung danh gia su thanh thao bang su troi chay cam nhan duoc, va danh gia no bang dieu ban co the tai hien mot khi cho dua da dong lai. Cu the: gap sach lai va tu hoi minh vua doc gi, dien dat lai y tuong bang loi le rieng, tu giai thich lap luan thanh tieng, dat mot cau hoi ma minh se tra loi bang tri nho. Moi lan thu goi lai, du con ngap ngung, day cho ban ve trinh do cua chinh minh nhieu hon lan doc lai thu muoi. Do cung la logic cua mot viec hoc tang cuong<\/a><\/strong>: chong do su thau hieu bang cong cu, roi kiem tra xem dieu gi thuc su tru vung khi ban dong tat ca lai.<\/p>\n Hay tro lai chuong sang ro nhu pha le o dau bai. Su ro rang ban cam thay khi doc no khong phai la doi tra: ban da that su hieu, ngay luc do. No chi don gian la mot chi dau te ve dieu se con lai. Hieu la khoi dau cua cong viec, khong phai diem ket. Do la loi vao mon hoc, khoanh khac nhung canh cua mo ra. Nho doi hoi mot hanh dong thu hai, kem thoai mai hon, chu dong hon: dong van ban lai va doi dien voi khoang trong nho theo sau. Khoang trong ay khong phai la that bai cua tri nho. Do chinh la noi tri nho duoc dung nen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ban lat trang cuoi cua mot chuong, va moi thu deu ro rang. Tung cau noi tiep nhau tron tru, ban gat dau tan thuong, tac gia co tai bien moi dieu tro nen hien nhien. Roi ba ngay troi qua. Ai do hoi mot cau ve chinh chuong ay, va dau oc ban trong […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-tap-va-nhan-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3787,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2624\/revisions\/3787"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoomer.com\/education\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Ao giac troi chay<\/h2>\n
Vi sao su ro rang cua khoanh khac khong bien thanh tri nho<\/h2>\n
Tin hieu danh lua: cam thay san sang<\/h2>\n
Dao nguoc logic<\/h2>\n